1. (a) Explain the sonds of "g" in Spanish. (b) Pronounce three times each the following syllables: ga, gue, gui, go, go. (c) Is the vowel "u" pronounced in the following syllables?--gue, gui? Why? (d) What would it be necessary to do to show that the "u" in the syllables "gue", "gui", must be pronounced? (e) Pronounce the following Spanish words, telling their meaning in English: 1. Seguir. 2. Agua. 3. Antiguo. 4. Guardar. 5. Guisar. 6. guerra. 7. Gota. 8. Gusto. 9. Gato. 10. Ignorante. 11. Magnífico.

2. (a) Explain the two sounds of "g" in Spanish. (b) Pronounce three times each the following syllables: ja, je, ge, ji, gi, jo, ju. (c) Pronounce the following Spanish words, telling their meaning in English: 1. General. 2. Deja. 3. Gitano. 4. Coger. 5. Tejer. 6. Dirigir. 7. Juego. 8. Giro. 9. Vergüenza. 10. Averigüé.

3. (a) Explain the two sounds of "c" in Spanish. (b) Pronounce three times each the following syllables: ca, que, qui, co, cu; za, ce, ci, zo, zu. (c) Pronounce the following Spanish words, telling their meaning in English: 1. Queso. 2. Cosa. 3. Loza. 4. Quitar. 5. Hace. 6. Cigüeña. 7. Cesar. 8. Cuchara. 9. Empiezo. 10. Cuando. 11. Cebolla. 12. Quiero.

4. (a) Explain how verbs ending in "gar" and "car" change, and why. (b) Tell in which persons the change occurs in the following verbs, giving their meaning in English: 1. Colgar. 2. Pagar. 3. Sacar. 4. Buscar. 5. llegar. 6. Prolongar. 7. Cargar. 8. Arrancar. Tocar. (c) Explain why and how verbs ending in "ger" and "gir" change. (d) Tell in which persons the change occurs in the following verbs, giving their meaning in English: 1. Coger. 2. dirigir. 3. Proteger. (e) Explain why and how verbs ending in "zar" change. (f) Tell in which persons the change occurs in the following verbs, giving their meaning in english: 1. Lanzar. 2. Comenzar. 3. Tropezar. 4. Empezar. 5. Rezar. (g) Explain why and how verbs ending in "cer" and "cir" change. (h) Tell in which persons the change occurs in the following verbs, giving their meaning in English: 1. Conocer. 2. Traducir. 3. Nacer. 4. Parecer. In which case is "z" not added before "c"? Give the first person singular, present tense, of "vencer" and "zurcir". What changes take place in the verb "mecer"? (i) Explain why and how verbs ending in "uir" change. (j) Tell in which person the change occurs in the following verbs, giving their meaning in English: 1. Instruir. 2. Concluir. 3. Huir. 4. Construir.

1. (a) How many classes of radical changing verbs are there? (b) To which conjugation do verbs of the first class belong, and in which tenses and persons does the change occur? (c) To which conjugation do verbs of the second class belong, and in which tenses and persons does the change occur? (d) To which conjugation do verbs of the third class belong, and in which tenses and persons does the change occur? (e) Explain the changes which take place in verbs of the first class. (f) Explain the changes which take place in verbs of the second class. (g) Explain the changes which take place in verbs of the third class.

2. Translate the following sentences into Spanish:

1. He closes the window because he is cold.
2. She closed her eyes and tried to sleep.
3. The little girl did not sleep because the mischievous John was too noisy.
4. The birds amused the little girl by singing her a song.
5. I heard the birds singing.
6. We hear them everry morning.
7. The birds never ask for water or bread because they are neither hungry nor thirsty.
8. We were very sorry for Charles; he failed in yesterday's examination. He was sorry too, and all his friends were sorry.
9. I sleep well, but they sleep badly.
10. I want to buy a new hat, but I cannot buy one because I have no money.
11. Who is heating the water for the coffee? mary is heating it.
12. He thinks too much of himself.
13. They do not understand me, but I understand them very well.
14. I begin the lesson, when you return home.

3. Give in Spanish the imperative, singular and plural, of the following verbs: 1. To go. 2. To see. 3. To bring. 4. To be. 5. To have. 6. To return. 7. To give. 8. To repeat. 9. To tell. 10. To make. 11. To amuse oneself. 12. To get up. 13. To go to bed. 14. To read. 15. To come. 16. To sleep. 17. To serve. 18. To dress oneself.

4. Translate into Spanish the following words: 1. Nobody. 2. No one. 3. Someone. 4. Somebody. 5. Anybody. 6. Anyone. 7. Something. 8. Nothing.

5. (a) What preposition do we use in Spanish after verbs of motion, followed by the infinitive? (b) What preposition do we use in Spanish before the direct object when it refers to a definite person, or is a proper noun? (c) When the object of the verbs "ver" and "oír" is an action, what do we use in Spanihs, the infinitive or the present participle? And in English?

1. Memorize the following idioms:

(a) Dar a--to face on, upon.
(b) Por último--at last, finally.
(c) Ya lo creo, Por supuesto, Claro--of course, certainly, indeed.
(d) Ser aficionado a--to be fond of.
(e) Acabar de (followed by infinitive)--to have just.
(f) Fijarse en--to pay attention, to notice.
(g) Seguir adelante--to go on, to continue.
(h) Llamar la atención a alguien--to attract the attention of someone.
(i) Hacer calor--to be hot.
(j) Tener sed--to be thirsty.
(k) Llevarse un chasco--to be disappointed.
(l) No me venga Ud. con cuentos--tell that to the marines.

2. Translate the following sentences into Spanish using the above idioms:

1. Helen was very fond of sweets.
2. One day her mother had just made some little cakes.
3. The cakes attracted the little girl's attention, becaue they were of puff paste, with whipped cream, and a red strawberry on the top.
4. Of course Helen was not a dirty girl, but just then her hands and face were dirty.
5. The dining room, where the girl was, faced upon the garden.
6. It was very hot; Helen had no shoes on, she was barefooted.
7. She likes to go to the garden every day, take the garden hose, and give the flowers a drink.
8. She thinks the flowers are thirsty.
9. That day, Helen went to the garden and played with mud.
10. She is very fond of making mud pies.
11. The mother did not pay attention to the little girl, because she was very busy preparing the meals.
12. Yes, indeed, Helen wanted to eat the cakes made of puff paste.
13. finally, she slowly approached the cupboard where the cakes were.
14. But the attractive little cakes ran away from Helen.
15. They said to her: "Go to the bathroom; wash your face and hands, and comb your hair."
16. Of course, Helen was disappointed, but she said nothing. 17. She went to the bathroom and washed herself.

Todos los alumnos estaban contentos. Acaban de saber muchas cosas desconocidas para ellos y que les llamaban mucho la atención. Por supuesto que tenían que estudiar mucho porque nada se aprende sin esfuerzo; nada se obtiene sin lucha y sin trabajo. Pero a ellos no les importaba el trabajo porque tenían interés muy grande por aprender a hablar y a escribir el idioma español. Estaban contentos al ver el éxito obtenido: todos hablaban de corrido; cuando no entendían no se les dificultaba nunca hacer una pregunta en español. Pero, sobre todo, lo que les causaba más placer y mantenía vivo su deseo de seguir adelante con el estudio del español, era el hecho (fact) de que podían entender a las personas de habla hispana con la misma facilidad con que entendían a la maestra. ¡No es tarea fácil aprender un idioma! La maestra había tenido el sentido común de obedecer sus órdenes, repitiendo siempre las palabras y modismos nuevos, usándolos sin cesar en la clase. Todos comprendieron que la maestra tenía razón al decir que, para obtener buenos resultados en el aprendizaje del español, es indispensable aprender las palabras primero y después las reglas de gramática. Y los alumnos sabían las palabras que se habían estudiado en la clase lo mismo que las reglas de gramática, tan indispensables para dar un conocimiento sólido del idioma. Por eso estaban todos alegres, aquella clase tenía vida, no era árida ni aburrida tampoco. Todos se sentían satisfechos: maestra y discípulos. Entonces, del fondo del corazón de aquellos buenos muchachos, salió un sentimiento de gratitud hacia la maestra, que con tanto gusto les facilitaba la difícil tarea de aprender el español.